Friday 19 September 2014

VARIOUS DIGESTIVE PROCESSES OPERATING IN THE ALIMENTARY CANAL OF HUMANS













Region of digestion
Name of the secretion
Enzymes or Secretion
Substrate
Optimal pH
Products formed
Mouth: oral  digestion
Salivary glands
Saliva
Salivary amylase
Starch
6.8
Maltose (disaccharide
) via dextrins
Stomach: Gastric digestion
(a)Gastric glands
(i) Chief cells
Gastric juice


(a)Pepsinogen (inactive0 + HCI----Pepsin active
(b)Prorennin (inactive)+H—Rennin (active
(c)Gastric lipase


Protein



Milk protein caseinogens

Fats/Lipids

1.5 to 2.0








Peptones via and metaprorins nd proteoses “



“Curdling “ of milk


Fatty acids &monoglycerides
(ii)Parietal cells





(iii)Mucous




(iv)G-cells
(a)HCI


(b)Intrinsic factor

(c)Mucuse




(d)Gastrin (in hormone
Pepsinogen


(a)Converts peopino gen (inactive )

(b) For absorption of vitamin B

(c) Protection of underlying layers & lubrication of food.

(d) It stimulates paritel cells to secrete HCI


3. Intestine:
Intestinal digestion





(a)Pancreas
(Pancreatic acini in exocrine part of pancreas)
1.Pancreatic juice
Protein splitting
(a)Trypsin : Trysinogen  (inactive)+enterokinase from duodenal mucosa>Trypsin

(b)Chymotrypsin: Chymotrypsinogen (inactive)+trypsin>Chymotrypsin
Protein









8.0









Polypeptides via metaproteins, proteoses and peptones









(c)Carboxypeptidate




(d)Elastase


(e) Pancreatic amylase (amylopsin)


(f) Nucleases
(i) Deoxyribonuclease
(ii) Ribonuclease
(g) Pancreatic Lipase (Fat splitting)

Terminal amino acids at carboxy end

Polypeptide


Starch
(carbohydrate splitting)


DNA
RNA
Fat


Do






8.0




do
do
do


Amino acids






Maltose (disaccharide)
Via dextrins Maltotriose (trisaccharide)
 Nucleotides
Nucleotides
Glycerol

(b)Liver
Bile
No enzyme; Instead contains bile salts which activate Lipases & emulsify fats

7.1 to 7.3

(c)Small Intestine  (Brush border cells of intestinal glands)
Intestinal juice (succus entericus)
Protein splitting




Polypeptides and short peptides



8.0





Amino acids Peptide fragments






(a)Aminopeptidase



(a)Terminal aminoacids at amino end







(b)Dipeptidase

Dipeptides







(c) Tripeptidase
Tripeptides




(d)Maltase (Carbohydrate splitting)

Maltose


do


Glucose + glucose




 (e) Lactase
Lactose
do
Glucose + galactose


(f) Sucrase
Sucrose
do
Glucose +fructose


(g) Lipase
Fat
do
Fatty acids+glycerol



(h) Nucleosidases & Phosphatases



Nucleotides





do





Nitrogenous bases,pentoses & phosphate




Enterokinase
Trysinogen
do

Trypsin


























































































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