(1) Anemia- All types of anemia are characterized by reduced number of RBCs or decreased amount of hemoglobin in the blood. The symptoms are fatigue, pale skin, intolerance to cold. There can be various types of anemia, viz.
(a) Iron= deficiency anemia (deficiency of iron)
(b)Pernicious anemia(deficiency of vitamin B₁₂)
(c) Hemolytic anemia( plasma membrane ruptures)
(d) Aplastic anemia
(e) Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder where RBCs become sickle-shaped
(f) Thalassemia -a group of hereditary anemias. RBCs are small, pale and short lived
(2) Hemophilia - a hereditary disease in which there is failure of blood clotting (due to absence of certain clotting factors)leading to spontaneous or excessive bleeding.
(3) Leukemia -is type of cancer (malignant disease) characterised by uncontrolled production of leucocyte (WBCs)
(4)Arteriossclerosis - Hardening of the arteries due to thickening of the walls of arteries or loss of elasticity.
(5) Artherosclerasis - is characterized by deposition of plaques (glossary ) in the walls of the arteries, resulting in narrowing or obstruction of arteries.
(6) Variocse The veins of the legs appear as as swollen, blue veins because of loss of elasticity.
(7) Angina pectoris literally means "strangles chest" is a severe pain in chest muscles or blow collar bone due to reduced oxygen supply (hypoxia) or reduced blood flow (ischemia ) to heart muscles.
(8) Myocardial infarction (MI) or commonly called as heart attack. Infraction means death of an area or tissue due to reduced blood supply. The heart tissue dies because of insufficient blood (oxygen) supply, due to complete obstruction of coronary artery (coronary thrombosis). The typical symptoms are crushing pain in the chest, neck, chin radiating to the left arm,complained by excessive sweating and shortness of breath.
(9)Tachycardia ("Tachy" = fast; "Cardia" =heart): An abnormally rapid heartbeat or pulse rate (>100 beats /min)
(10) Bradycardia -slower heart rate ( than normal) <60-70 beats/min
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